1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, a potential role player in the development of thyroid disorders in schizophrenics

Objective: The present study was designed to assess the role of vitamin-D, in the development of autoimmune thyroid dysfunction in newly diagnosed schizophrenics

Methods: For the present study 100 patients and 100 controls were screened out and studied for their thyroid antibodies, GSH, homocysteine, NOS and vitamin D levels by appropriate protocols to assess the underlying mechanism involved in the schizophrenics susceptible to autoimmune thyroid diseases

Results: The results of the present study depicted that in schizophrenics, levels of cytokines like IL-6 [7.98 +/- 0.67 pg/ml], TNF-alpha, [40.76 +/- 6.98 pg/ml], homocysteine [16.98 +/- 1.09 micro mol/L], Tg-Ab [30.93 +/- 3.87 IU/L], TPO-Ab [10.33 +/- 1.78 IU/L] and TSHr-Ab [3.76 +/- 0.055 IU/L] increased whereas, those of Vit-D [12.76 +/- 0.99 pmol/L], NOS [5.99 +/- 0.87 IU/L], GSH [4.48 +/- .965 micro g/dl] and NO [16.87 +/- 3.98 ng/ml] were decreased in the patients as compared to healthy control subjects

Conclusion: Vitamin-D in schizophrenia is involved in augmentation of hyperhomocysteinemia, inflammation, oxidative stress and thyroid antibodies, thereby playing a significant role not only in induction of schizophrenic symptoms but may also result in autoimmune thyroid diseases. Thus, earlier detection and rectification of its levels are helpful to limit the miseries of schizophrenia

Assessment of biochemical and antioxidative status in patients suffering from dengue fever / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

A multi-centred study was designed to collect dengue epidemiologic data from government and registered private hospitals/clinics and maintained archive of frozen specimens in bio-bank to be used for future dengue epidemic control program, and assess the epidemiology of dengue fever (DF) by evaluating biochemical and oxidative status of patients. ELISA IgM antibodies test was done to confirm DF. From August 2010 to December 2011, 101 confirmed blood samples of DF patients referred to pathology lab of Jinnah Hospital Lahore were subjected to the epidemiologic assessment by evaluating the biochemical and physiological indices and alterations of circulating antioxidants. Clinical features of DF patients and effect of fever on blood components and serum proteins of liver were recorded. The hospital stay in DF, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) showed significant difference. Significant increases in serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) (P=0.000), aspartate amino transferase (AST) (P=0.000), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (P=0.000), malondialdehyde (MDA) along with significant decreases in total protein (TP) (P=0.000), reduced glutathione (GSH) (P=0.000), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) (P=0.000), and sialic acid contents (P=0.016) were observed. A positive correlation existed between bound sialic acid levels, liver enzymes and circulating antioxidants (r=0.656, P=0.016). In the present study, alterations of circulating antioxidants in DF suggest that DF might be a metabolic response to an acute, self-limiting tropical viral infection, and a consequence of the viral inflammatory process.

Alcoholic liver disease [ALD]; implication of oxidative stress and extrapolative factors in patients suffering, update from local population of punjab-Pakistan

The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in biochemical parameters including lipid profile, liver and kidney profile as well as oxidative stress profile, particularly in patients suffering from alcoholic liver disease [ALD]. Fifty chronic alcoholics admitted for treatment to the in-patient wards at Jinnah Hospital, Lahore-Pakistan. Chronic alcoholics with alcohol abuse for more than four to five years, and with or without clinical complications, were included. Apparently twenty healthy individuals served as control. 2012-2013. Various circulating biochemical biomarkers including renal profile, hepatic and lipid profile were evaluated. Moreover, stress markers [MDA. SOD, GSH and catalase] were also investigated. A very strong direct and indirect correlation of ALP was found with TB, MDA and GSH [r=.950**, r=.929** and r=-.967** respectively, P<0.01]. MDA was observed having very strong indirect correlation with GSH and catalase [r=-.909** and r-.777** respectively, P<0.01]. All parameters in combinations may be useful indicator or may be good and reliable biochemical markers for identification and determination of severity of alcoholic liver diseases [ALD]. The damaging of hepatocytes due to the consumption of alcohol disturbs almost all types of biochemical coordination in the biological system

Potential reproductive health effects and oxidative stress associated with exposure to potassium dichromate [K2Cr2O7] and magnesium sulphate [MgSO4] in male mice

To investigate the potential harmful effects of potassium dichromate and magnesium sulphate causing oxidative stress and reproductive toxicity in adult male mice model. The experimental work was conducted on sixty male mice [Mus musculus] divided into three groups. Mice in group B and C received potassium dichromate and magnesium sulphate of 5.0 and 500 mg/Kg body weight/ml respectively, for sixty days. The blood sample was analyzed to assess oxidative stress and cellular damage. Results showed high malondialdehyde [MDA] and low levels of antioxidant enzymes [catalase [CAT], superoxide dismutase [SOD] and glutathione peroxidase [GPx]] in both potassium dichromate and magnesium sulphate administrated groups as compared to control group. Reduced number of sperm count and excessive destruction of testicular follicles, including destruction of spermatids, leydig cells and sertoli cells, were also seen in both groups. We concluded from present study that potassium dichromate and magnesium sulphate causes oxidative stress by generation of reactive oxygen species [ROS] and causing DNA damage in testicular cells leading to adverse reproductive abnormalities

Significance of hepatic profile and malondialdehyde as marker of lipid peroxidation in HCV patients: a perspective study from local population of Punjab

All over the world Hepatitis C virus [HCV] remains to be a main etiological mediator of liver disease. Approximately, 10 million people in Pakistan are diseased with HCV. Pegylated interferon plus ribavirin signifies the gold standard therapy but various side effects may occur. Comparative study. This study was conducted at Jinnah Hospital Lahore from August 2013 to March, 2014. Thirty five patients of hepatitis C virus and Twenty three age and sex-matched clinically apparently healthy individuals were eligible for inclusion in the study at Jinnah Hospital Lahore during the year 2013-2014. 1.0 ml blood sample were taken and subjected to centrifuge at 3000-4000 rpm for 10-15 minutes for the separation of serum. All the analytical work was performed at the Institute of molecular biology and biotechnology [IMBB], and Centre for research in molecular medicine [CRiMM], The University of Lahore-Pakistan. The estimation of AST, ALT, ALP, TP and T.Bilirubin were estimated. The AST level in HCV patients was increases [47.88 +/- 40.49] as compared to the control persons [31.43 +/- 7.31] and statistically significant [0.02<0.05]. Total Protein level in HCV patients was [4.20 +/- 0.61] and in healthy individuals [6.23 +/- 0.51] and statistically significant [0.000<0.05]. MDA level in HCV patients was increases remarkably [8.58 +/- 1.19] and in control persons [1.47 +/- 0.54] and it was statistically significant [0.000<0.05]. There is a relationship between oxidative stress and ALP, ALT, AST and Albumin. The results of the present study confirmed a perfect sketch regarding the circulating biochemical markers and lipid peroxidation [MDA] profile between the studied groups i.e., control and HCV patients with interferon induced Hepatitis C virus infection

Response of antiretroviral therapy [ziduvidune, lamivudine, niverapine] in patients suffering from acquired immuno deficiency syndrome [AIDS]

Purpose of current study was to evaluate the effect of antiretroviral drugs [Three regimen] Ziduvodine, Lamivudine and Niverapine to HIV patients presented in D.G. Khan Zone in regard to CD4 level and viral loads before start of drugs and after one year treatment. Comparative study. This study was carried out at the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, and Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine, The University of Lahore-Pakistan from April 2013 to June 2014. Seventy five [75] patients suffering from HIV and thirteen [13] control individuals were selected for the study. Rapid testing and ELISA screening were performed for identification of presence/absence of virus and antibodies respectively. Viral load and CD4+ absolute count were also evaluated by PCR and Multiset software respectively. All the analytical work was performed at the Institute of molecular biology and biotechnology [IMBB], and Centre for research in molecular medicine [CRiMM], The University of Lahore-Pakistan. Statistically highly significant difference [P=.000] was observed regarding viral load before and after the treatment in HIV patients receiving combination therapy, ART [antiretroviral therapy]. The viral load in control and HIV patients before and after the treatment was [0.00, 3.23x10[4]] and [0.00, 1.45x10[2]] respectively. Levels of CD4+cells were increased and a highly significant difference was recorded among control and ART treated patients. Inverse correlation was recorded between viral loads [After] and CD4+ levels [After], [Viral Load Vs CD4+, r = -.678**]. It can be concluded that ART is highly effective in AIDS patients with minimal adverse effects, makes the life of AIDS patients less miserable and improve the quality of life

Inter-relationship of viral load and CD4+ cells in patients suffering from acquired immuno deficiency syndrome [AIDS]: update from Punjab, Pakistan

Purpose of current study was to evaluate the effect of antiretroviral drugs [Three regimen] Tenofovir, Lamivudine and Efavirenz to HIV patients presented in D.G. Khan Zone in regard to CD4 level and viral loads before start of drugs and after one year treatment. Comparative study. This study was carried out at the Institute of molecular biology and biotechnology [IMBB], and Centre for research in molecular medicine [CRiMM], The University of Lahore-Pakistan during May 2013 to Feb. 2014. Seventy five [75] patients suffering from HIV and twelve [12] control individuals were selected for the study from Dera Ghazi Khan during 2013-2014. Rapid testing and ELISA screening were performed for identification of presence/absence of virus and antibodies respectively. Viral load and CD4+ absolute count were also evaluated by PCR and Multiset software respectively. All the analytical work was performed at the Institute of molecular biology and biotechnology [IMBB], and Centre for research in molecular medicine [CRiMM], The University of Lahore-Pakistan. Statistically highly significant difference [P=.000] was observed regarding viral load before and after the treatment in HIV patients receiving combination therapy, ART [antiretroviral therapy]. The viral load in control and HIV patients before and after the treatment was [0.00, 3.22x10[4]] and [0.00, 1.61x10[2]] respectively. The CD4+ cells levels in control and HIV patients before and after the treatment was [330.67, 186.29] and [171.92, 372.64] respectively. Inverse correlation was also recorded between viral loads [After] and CD4+ levels [After], [Viral Load Vs CD4+, r=-.328**]. It is concluded that from one year antiviral therapy in AIDS patients the viral load decrease from 3.22x10[4] to 1.61x10[2] and CD4+ count increased from 186.29 to 372.64 with no significant complications hence improve the AIDS patients' lives and minimize the spread of infection

Comparative studies of salivary and blood sialic acid, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative status in oral squamous cell carcinoma [OSCC]

Oral squamous cell carcinoma [OSCC] is considered to be a serious life threatening issue for almost two decades. The objective of this study was to evaluate the over production of lipid peroxidation [LPO] byproducts and disturbances in antioxidant defense system in the pathogenesis of oral cancer. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in OSCC patients were estimated and compared the sensitivity and specificity of circulating biomarkers [MDA, Sialic acid, Catalase, SOD, GSH and Neuraminidase] with B-2 microglobulin [B-2MG] at different thresholds in blood and saliva using receiver operating characteristics [ROC] curve design. Our results showed that the levels of MDA and Sialic acid were significantly increased in plasma of OSCC patients as compared to healthy subjects whereas antioxidant level was significantly decreased. ROC analysis indicated that MDA in saliva is a better diagnostic tool as compared to MDA in blood and B-2MG in blood is better diagnostic marker as compared to B-2MG level in saliva